| EN-STANDARDSTEEL NO. K.H.S DIN | EN-STANDARDSTEEL NAME | SAE GRADE | UNS |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4109 | X65CrMo14 | 440A | S44002 |
| 1.4112 | X90CrMoV18 | 440B | S44003 |
| 1.4125 | X105CrMo17 | 440C | S44004 |
| 440F | S44020 | ||
| 1.4016 | X6Cr17 | 430 | S43000 |
| 1.4408 | G-X 6 CrNiMo 18-10 | 316 | |
| 1.4512 | X6CrTi12 | 409 | S40900 |
| 410 | S41000 | ||
| 1.4310 | X10CrNi18-8 | 301 | S30100 |
| 1.4318 | X2CrNiN18-7 | 301LN | |
| 1.4307 | X2CrNi18-9 | 304L | S30403 |
| 1.4306 | X2CrNi19-11 | 304L | S30403 |
| 1.4311 | X2CrNiN18-10 | 304LN | S30453 |
| 1.4301 | X5CrNi18-10 | 304 | S30400 |
| 1.4948 | X6CrNi18-11 | 304H | S30409 |
| 1.4303 | X5CrNi18-12 | 305 | S30500 |
| X5CrNi30-9 | 312 | ||
| 1.4541 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | 321 | S32100 |
| 1.4878 | X12CrNiTi18-9 | 321H | S32109 |
| 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316L | S31603 |
| 1.4401 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316 | S31600 |
| 1.4406 | X2CrNiMoN17-12-2 | 316LN | S31653 |
| 1.4432 | X2CrNiMo17-12-3 | 316L | S31603 |
| 1.4435 | X2CrNiMo18-14-3 | 316L | S31603 |
| 1.4436 | X3CrNiMo17-13-3 | 316 | S31600 |
| 1.4571 | X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 | 316Ti | S31635 |
| 1.4429 | X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 | 316LN | S31653 |
| 1.4438 | X2CrNiMo18-15-4 | 317L | S31703 |
| 1.4362 | X2CrNi23-4 | 2304 | S32304 |
| 1.4462 | X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 | 2205 | S31803/S32205 |
| 1.4539 | X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 | 904L | N08904 |
| 1.4529 | X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7 | N08926 | |
| 1.4547 | X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7 | 254SMO | S31254 |
2014年12月15日星期一
Comparison of Standardized Stainless steel
STAINLESS STEEL TUBE PRODUCTION STANDARD
| ASTM Volume 01.01 | ||||||
| A 213 / A 213M | Seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler, superheater and heat exchanger tubes | |||||
| A 268 / A 268M | Seamless and welded ferritic and martensitic stainless steel tubing for general service | |||||
| A 269 / A 269M | Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service | |||||
| A 312 / A 312M | Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipes | |||||
| A 511 | Seamless stainless steel mechanical tubing | |||||
| A 789 / A 789M | Seamless and welded ferritic-austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service | |||||
| A 790 / A 790M | Seamless and welded ferritic-austenitic stainless steel pipe | |||||
| ASME-Standards | ||||||
| ASME Boiler Pressure Code Section II Part A - Ferrous Material Specification | ||||||
| ASME | ||||||
| SA 213 / SA 213M | Seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler, superheater and heat exchanger tubes | |||||
| SA 268 / SA 268M | Seamless and welded ferritic and martensitic stainless steel tubing for general service | |||||
| SA 269 / SA 269M | Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service | |||||
| SA 312 / SA 312M | Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipes | |||||
| SA 511 | Seamless stainless steel mechanical tubing | |||||
| SA 789 / SA 789M | Seamless and welded ferritic-austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service | |||||
| SA 790 / SA 790M | Seamless and welded ferritic-austenitic stainless steel pipe | |||||
| GOST-Standards | ||||||
| Stainless steels | ||||||
| GOST 9940 | Seamless stainless steel tubes, hot finished | |||||
| GOST 9941 | Seamless stainless steel tubes, cold and hot finished | |||||
| European-Standards | ||||||
| Stainless steels | ||||||
| EN 10216-5* | Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes | |||||
| EN ISO 1127 | Seamless stainless steel tubes (Dimensions and weights) | |||||
| DIN-Standards | ||||||
| Stainless steels | ||||||
| DIN 17456-85 | General purpose seamless circular stainless steel tubes | |||||
| DIN 17458-85 | Seamless circular Austenitic stainless steel tube subject to special requirement | |||||
| JIS-Standards | ||||||
| Stainless steels | ||||||
| JIS G 3459 | Stainless steel pipes | |||||
| JIS G 3463 | Stainless steel boiler and heat exchanger tubes | |||||
| Website: www.sspiping.com E-mail: sales@sspiping.com | ||||||
| ADD: Dushan Industrial Park, Longwan District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province，China. | ||||||
Pipes and Tubes - Temperature Expansion
Pipes expands when heated and contracts when cooled. The expansion of the pipes can be expressed with the expansion formula
The temperature expansion of pipes depends on the start and final temperature of the pipe and the expansion coefficient of the piping material at the actual temperature. The general expansion formula can be expressed as:
dl = α Lo dt (1)wheredl = expansion (m, inches)Lo = length of pipe (m, inches)dt = temperature difference (oC, oF)
Mean expansion coefficient may vary with temperature as:
| Mean Expansion Coefficient - α - (10-6 in/in oF) | ||||||||
| Material | Temperature Range (oF) | |||||||
| - 32 | 32 - 212 | 32 - 400 | 32 - 600 | 32 - 750 | 32 - 900 | 32 - 1100 | 32 - 1300 | |
| Alloy Steel (1% Cr. 1/2% Mo) | 7.7 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 8.8 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 9.8 | |
| Mild Steel (0.1 - 0.2% C) | 7.1 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 9.5 | 9.7 | |
| Stainless Steel (18% Cr. 8% Ni) | 10.8 | 11.1 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 12.1 | 12.4 | 12.6 | 12.8 |
Formula (1) can also be used with SI units. The expansion coefficient must be adjusted to oC.
- T(oC) = 5/9[T(oF) - 32]
- 1 in (inch) = 25.4 mm
- 1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
- Expansion coefficients for some common materials
Example - Thermal Expansion of an Alloy Steel Pipe
An alloy steel pipe with length 100 feet is heated from 32 to 212oF. The expansion coefficient is 8 10-6 (in/inoF).
The expansion of the pipe can be calculated as:
dl = (8 10-6 in/inoF) (100 ft) (12 in/ft) ((212 oF) - (32 oF))= 1.728 inches
ASTM International - Standards for Steel Pipes, Tubes and Fittings
The ASTM International specifications for steel tubes list standard requirements for boiler and super heater tubes, general service tubes, steel tubes in refinery service, heat exchanger and condenser tubes, mechanical and structural tubing.
Steel Pipes
- A53 - A53/A53M-99b - Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
- A74 - A74-98 - Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings
- A106 - A106-99e1 - Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
- A126 - A126-95e1 - Specification for Grey Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings
- A134 - A134-96 - Specification for Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded (Sizes NPS 16 and Over)
- A135 - A135-97c - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe
- A139 - A139-96e1 - Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)
- A182 - A182/A182M-99 - Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service
- A252 - A252-98 - Specification for Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Piles
- A312 - A312/A312M-00 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
- A333 - A333/A333M-99 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service
- A335 - A335/A335M-99 - Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
- A338 - A338-84 (1998) - Specification for Malleable Iron Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and Valve Parts for Railroad, Marine, and Other Heavy Duty Service at Temperatures Up to 650�F (345�C)
- A358 - A358/A358M-98 - Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
- A369 - A369/A369M-92 - Specification for Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged and Bored Pipe for High-Temperature Service
- A376 - A376/A376M-98 - Specification for Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Central-Station Service
- A377 - A377-99 - Index of Specifications for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe
- A409 - A409/A409M-95ae1 - Specification for Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High-Temperature Service
- A426 - A426-92 (1997) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
- A451 - A451-93 (1997) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
- A523 - A523-96 - Specification for Plain End Seamless and Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Pipe-Type Cable Circuits
- A524 - A524-96 - Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower Temperatures
- A530 - A530/A530M-99 - Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
- A648 - A648-95e1 - Specification for Steel Wire, Hard Drawn for Pre-stressing Concrete Pipe
- A674 - A674-95 - Practice for Polyethylene Encasement for Ductile Iron Pipe for Water or Other Liquids
- A691 - A691-98 - Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded for High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures
- A694 - A694/A694M-00 - Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service
- A716 - A716-99 - Specification for Ductile Iron Culvert Pipe
- A733 - A733-99 - Specification for Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Nipples
- A742 - A742/A742M-98 - Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic Coated and Polymer Pre-coated for Corrugated Steel Pipe
- A746 - A746-99 - Specification for Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe
- A760 - A760/A760M-99 - Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated for Sewers and Drains
- A761 - A761/A761M-98 - Specification for Corrugated Steel Structural Plate, Zinc-Coated, for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches
- A762 - A762/A762M-98 - Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Polymer Pre-coated for Sewers and Drains
- A790 - A790/A790M-99 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
- A796 - A796/A796M-99 - Practice for Structural Design of Corrugated Steel Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Storm and Sanitary Sewers and Other Buried Applications
- A798 - A798/A798M-97a - Practice for Installing Factory-Made Corrugated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Other Applications
- A807 - A807/A807M-97 - Practice for Installing Corrugated Steel Structural Plate Pipe for Sewers and Other Applications
- A810 - A810-94 - Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Pipe Winding Mesh
- A813 - A813/A813M-95e2 - Specification for Single- or Double-Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
- A814 - A814/A814M-96 (1998) - Specification for Cold-Worked Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
- A849 - A849-99 - Specification for Post-Applied Coatings, Pavings, and Linings for Corrugated Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe
- A861 - A861-94e1 - Specification for High-Silicon Iron Pipe and Fittings
- A862 - A862/A862M-98 - Practice for Application of Asphalt Coatings to Corrugated Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe
- A865 - A865-97 - Specification for Threaded Couplings, Steel, Black or Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded or Seamless, for Use in Steel Pipe Joints
- A872 - A872-91 (1997) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe for Corrosive Environments
- A885 - A885/A885M-96 - Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc and Aramid Fiber Composite Coated for Corrugated Steel Sewer, Culvert, and Underdrain Pipe
- A888 - A888-98e1 - Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Applications
- A926 - A926-97 - Test Method for Comparing the Abrasion Resistance of Coating Materials for Corrugated Metal Pipe
- A928 - A928/A928M-98 - Specification for Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal
- A929 - A929/A929M-97 - Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process for Corrugated Steel Pipe
- A930 - A930-99 - Practice for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Corrugated Metal Pipe Used for Culverts, Storm Sewers, and Other Buried Conduits
- A943 - A943/A943M-95e1 - Specification for Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
- A949 - A949/A949M-95e1 - Specification for Spray-Formed Seamless Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
- A954 - A954-96 - Specification for Austenitic Chromium-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Steel Seamless and Welded Pipe
- A972 - A972/A972M-99 - Specification for Fusion Bonded Epoxy-Coated Pipe Piles
- A978 - A978/A978M-97 - Specification for Composite Ribbed Steel Pipe, Precoated and Polyethylene Lined for Gravity Flow Sanitary Sewers, Storm Sewers, and Other Special Applications
- A984 - A984/A984M-00 - Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain-End, Electric-Resistance-Welded
- A998 - A998/A998M-98 - Practice for Structural Design of Reinforcements for Fittings in Factory-Made Corrugated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Other Applications
- A999 - A999/A999M-98 - Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
- A1005 - A1005/A1005M-00 - Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain End, Longitudinal and Helical Seam, Double Submerged-Arc Welded
- A1006 - A1006/A1006M-00 - Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain End, Laser Beam Welded
Steel Tubes
Superheater, Boiler and Miscellaneous Tubes:
- A178 - A178/A178M-95 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
- A179 - A179/A179M-90a (1996) e1 - Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
- A192 - A192/A192M-91 (1996) e1 - Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-Pressure Service
- A209 - A209/A209M-98 - Specification for Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
- A210 - A210/A210M-96 - Specification for Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
- A213 - A213/A213M-99a - Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes
- A249 - A249/A249M-98e1 - Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes
- A250 - A250/A250M-95 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Ferritic Alloy-Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
- A254 - A254-97 - Specification for Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing
- A268 - A268/A268M-96 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
- A269 - A269-98 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
- A270 - A270-98ae1 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Sanitary Tubing
- A334 - A334/A334M-99 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for Low-Temperature Service
- A423 - A423/A423M-95 - Specification for Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel Tubes
- A450 - A450/A450M-96a - Specification for General Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes
- A608 - A608-91a (1998) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubing for Pressure Application at High Temperatures
- A618 - A618-99 - Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing
- A632 - A632-98 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing (Small-Diameter) for General Service
- A688 - A688/A688M-98 - Specification for Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes
- A771 - A771/A771M-95 - Specification for Seamless Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubing for Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactor Core Components
- A778 - A778-98 - Specification for Welded, Unanneled Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubular Products
- A789 - A789/A789M-00 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
- A803 - A803/A803M-98 - Specification for Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes
- A822 - A822-90 (1995) e1 - Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Tubing for Hydraulic System Service
- A826 - A826/A826M-95 - Specification for Seamless Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Duct Tubes for Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactor Core Components
- A847 - A847-99a - Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High Strength, Low Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
- A908 - A908-91 (1998) - Specification for Stainless Steel Needle Tubing
- A953 - A953-96 - Specification for Austenitic Chromium-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Steel Seamless and Welded Tubing -
Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
- A179 - A179/A179M-90a (1996) e1 - Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
- A213 - A213/A213M-99a - Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes
- A214 - A214/A214M-96 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
- A249 - A249/A249M-98e1 - Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes
- A498 - A498-98 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon, Ferritic, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Heat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral Fins
- A851 - A851-96 - Specification for High-Frequency Induction Welded, Unannealed, Austenitic Steel Condenser Tubes -
Structural Tubing
- A500 - A500-99 - Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes
- A501 - A501-99 - Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing
- A847 - A847-99a - Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High Strength, Low Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
- A618 - A618-99 - Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing -
Mechanical Tubing
- A511 - A511-96 - Specification for Seamless Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing
- A512 - A512-96 - Specification for Cold-Drawn Buttweld Carbon Steel Mechanical Tubing
- A513 - A513-98 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing
- A519 - A519-96 - Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing
- A554 - A554-98e1 - Specification for Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing -
Welded Fittings
- A234 - A234/A234M-99 - Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service
- A403 - A403/A403M-99a - Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
- A420 - A420/A420M-99 - Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service
- A758 - A758/A758M-98 - Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-Welding Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Toughness
- A774 - A774/A774M-98 - Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Service at Low and Moderate Temperatures -
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